My everyday 'snapshot' mode is A mode with auto ISO, minimum shutter speed set to Auto (which means it's FL related) with a suitable scale factor. All I need to worry about is setting teh DOF I want and then the ISO display to see if I might need to compromise that. If I need to control the shutter speed for more than stopping shake, I just switch to M and leave auto ISO on, then I have shutter control as well.
The Source Follower in a 4-transistor Pixel implementation is necessary because otherwise reading the e- charge off the photodiode's floating diffusion sense node would effectively destroy it. It is a necessary evil because its gain is typically less than one and it introduces noise that dominates what we normally call read noise around here.
I agree Jim, 'conversion gain' is often used in the industry when signals into and out of a (black box) circuit are stated in different units. For instance DN/e- (e.g. out of a PTC) or uV/e- out of a Source Follower, see for instance here or here. I also like 'system gain' as an alternative.
In aperture priority + auto ISO my 90D selects base ISO first. Then if the calculated shutter speed is faster than the minimum set the calculated shutter speed is set.
If the calculated shutter speed is slower than the minimum then the minimum shutter speed is set and ISO is raised instead.
Canon was late to the auto-ISO party, and its earlier implementations were't very sensible. My Nikons' auto ISO is always exposure priority, that is it will try to find an exposure solution at base ISO before raising the ISO - which is the behaviour you want (apart from them being unable to go below base ISO, which would be appropriate for scenes with a low brightness range). My Canons are too old to even have auto ISO. My Panasonic is also exposure priority, but doesn't have the nice auto shutter speed option. I think that most modern Canons are sensible also.
Do you believe that whenever anyone presents an image, that they are implying that it was taken at a low ISO with significant exposure? If not, how is presenting a high-ISO image "cheating"?
In this beleagured thread, it is interesting (to one who is almost always in Manual) that most responders rely on auto-something when taking their shots!
I used to go M with auto ISO, then I though if I'm always setting the shutter for FL, why not let the camera do it. Ditto with ISO, if I'm setting the ISO for the shutter speed and f-number, why not let the camera do it?
Where A with auto ISO and min shutter speed does't quite work (and why it's my 'snapshot mode) is on my Nikons if you use EC with M and auto ISO it lets you tweak the ISO setting, whilst in A it effects the onset of ISO raising, and then tweaking the ISO. Small difference, but sometimes can result in a slight reduction of exposure.
Pure laziness :)
Setting correct aperture is most important to me (I'm shooting mostly static objects), thereby I'm using A mode exclusively (often with manual 'bracketing').
On old SD14 I set ISO, sometimes adjust EV correction and let camera handle shutter speed.
On x100v I have configured few sets of auto-ISO parameters, I select suitable config (based on overall lighting), sometimes adjust EV correction and let camera handle ISO and shutter speed.
(I would gladly rename ISO to 'camera sensitivity', but ISO is just so much easier to type 🙃)